On November 10, 2025, InterDigital announced it had filed lawsuits against Amazon in the Mannheim Regional Division of the Unified Patent Court (UPC), Munich Regional Court, the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, and the Rio de Janeiro Court in Brazil. The lawsuits allege that Amazon continuously infringes upon 10 of InterDigital's video content compression technology patents through devices such as Fire TV and Kindle, as well as services like Prime Video.

Previously, Amazon initiated FRAND rate determination proceedings in the UK, requesting the court to order InterDigital to license its video coding standard essential patents (SEPs) under FRAND terms. Simultaneously, Amazon sought a provisional license pending final FRAND confirmation to avoid disruption of technology use during litigation.

On October 2, 2025, InterDigital countered by securing “Anti-Interim License Injunctions” (AILI) from both the Mannheim Regional Division of the UPC and Munich Regional Court—the world's first such injunctions. These prohibit Amazon from seeking compulsory interim licenses or declaring InterDigital in breach of FRAND obligations before the EWHC. The Munich Regional Court's injunction further included a clause imposing “a maximum penalty of €250,000 per violation.”

Subsequently, Amazon sought relief from the High Court of Justice of England and Wales (EWHC) and obtained an “interim anti-injunction order” issued by Judge Meade on October 20. At the October 30 hearing, Amazon further proposed two motions: first, to accelerate the FRAND trial schedule, moving the trial from the originally scheduled second half of 2026 to the first half of 2026; second, to confirm the validity and scope of the unilateral anti-injunction order it had obtained.

Notably, Judge Meade demonstrated significant interest in the upcoming UPC Mannheim Regional Chamber hearing scheduled for November 14, 2025. This hearing will determine whether to uphold the adjustment of InterDigital's previously granted unilateral AILI, a decision that could directly impact judicial conflicts across the UK, Germany, and the UPC jurisdiction.

The following are the names of the patents involved in the litigation:

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